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There are several reasons why a consumer would be reluctant to adopt a new product.For example,a consumer might be reluctant to adopt a new product because of a risk barrier,which occurs when __________.


A) there is no incentive to change
B) there are physical,economic,or social fears
C) there are cultural differences
D) the financial commitment is too great
E) the product is not consistent with existing habits

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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Even though Liquid Paper correction fluid is in the __________ stage of its product life cycle,Sanford,its manufacturer,has not deleted it from its line because there is still a residual core of consumers who use the product.


A) decline
B) introduction
C) growth
D) maturity
E) deletion

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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One of the most popular means to gain consumer trial is through


A) demonstrations.
B) free samples.
C) press releases.
D) celebrity endorsements.
E) product diffusion.

F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

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As product adopters,laggards


A) have a fear debt and use neighbors and friends as information sources.
B) are skeptical and have below average social status.
C) are deliberate and use many informal social contacts.
D) are leaders in social settings and have a slightly above average education.
E) are venturesome,highly educated,and use multiple information sources.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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All of the following are product modification strategies EXCEPT:


A) product bundling.
B) improving a product's quality.
C) changing a product's appearance.
D) creating a new use situation.
E) altering a product's performance.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Combining a corporate or family brand with a new brand to distinguish a part of its product line from others is referred to as __________.


A) subbranding
B) multibranding
C) mixed branding
D) private branding
E) family branding

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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When the Floral Council,a trade association of flower shop retailers,advertises that giving flowers is a thoughtful and appreciated gift for any occasion,it is trying to stimulate __________ demand.


A) selective
B) primary
C) derived
D) generic
E) secondary

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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The consumers represented by "C" in Figure 11-5 above are called __________.


A) innovators
B) late majority
C) early majority
D) early adopters
E) laggards

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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When Rose went shopping for a new purse,she thought she had found a real value-a Gucci purse for about 50% of what she was expecting to pay.When she looked at it more closely,she noticed that the purse was identical to a Gucci but was not manufactured by Gucci.This was most likely an example of


A) product counterfeiting.
B) brand licensing.
C) co-branding.
D) brand imitation.
E) re-manufacturing.

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following is a characteristic of the growth stage of the product life cycle?


A) advertising emphasis switches to primary demand
B) a growing proportion of repeat purchasers to initial purchasers
C) the number of distribution outlets shrinks due to growing inefficiencies
D) profit margins increase as sales increase
E) no new product features are added to maximize profits

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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A strategy for managing a product's life cycle that attempts to find new customers,increase a product's use among existing customers,or create new use situations is referred to as __________.


A) market modification
B) product modification
C) product repositioning
D) product extension
E) diversification

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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The __________ stage of the product life cycle is characterized by the appearance of competitors.


A) decline
B) maturity
C) introduction
D) growth
E) harvest

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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In terms of the diffusion of innovation,late majority accounts for __________ of product adopters.


A) 2.5%
B) 13.5%
C) 16%
D) 34%
E) 50%

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Pez was originally sold in Europe as a(n) __________ in plain "headless" dispensers.The product got its name from the German word "pfefferminz," which means "peppermint."


A) chewing gum
B) breath mint
C) antacid
D) pain reliever
E) candy

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Correct Answer

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Some singers sing a great song that shoots to the top of the charts.The singers then go on tour and have sold-out concerts everywhere they appear.Just as quickly (particularly if they are unable to follow their first hit song with a second one) ,they are singing in half-filled concert halls,then smaller clubs,and eventually no one wants to hear them perform.Such "one-hit wonder" singers are best categorized as being __________ products (or services) .


A) fad
B) low-learning
C) fashion
D) generalized
E) high-learning

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The swoosh that appears on every Nike product is an example of a __________.


A) copyright
B) trade name
C) trade mark
D) brand name
E) label

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Sales exhibit a steady downward trend throughout which stage of the product life cycle?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decay
E) decline

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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The $150 Pebble Smartwatch shown above was one of the first "smart watches" released to the public in 2013 after a revolutionary crowdfunding program managed by Kickstarter.com that raised over $3 million in its first four days and ultimately $10 million from over 68,000 "backers." Smartwatches are becoming a increased presence in wearable computing,which consists of digital computing or sensory devices worn on a person's body (such as Nike's Fuel wristband) or clothing that display specific types of information (time,heart rate,distance walked/ran,text messages/e-mail alerts,caloric intake,etc. ) ,play music,etc.These devices also can connect wirelessly to smartphones,tablets devices,and PCs to further manage the data generated.Samsung recently launched its Galaxy Gear smart watch and Apple is rumored to launch such a device in 2014.In what stage of the product life cycle is this product?


A) growth stage
B) decline stage
C) accelerated development stage
D) introduction stage
E) maturity stage

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Figure 11-6 above shows the sequential process of building brand equity.The second step is to establish a brand's meaning in the minds of consumers.This step consists of two dimensions,"B" and "C," which stand for __________ and __________.


A) brand performance;brand imagery
B) brand identity;brand emotion
C) consumer judgments;consumer feelings
D) brand awareness;consumer-brand connection
E) consumer feelings;brand imagery

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Four key challenges that package and label designers face include: (1) connecting with customers; (2) environmental concerns; (3) __________;and (4) cost reduction.


A) health,safety,and security issues
B) competition from global markets
C) patent and trademark issues
D) governmental regulations
E) cultural and societal issues

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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