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When asked who you think will win the next presidential election,you reply that you do not know.However,after the election results are reported,you claim that it was obvious all along.This is an example of the


A) retrospective bias.
B) information bias.
C) prediction bias.
D) hindsight bias.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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D

When evaluating intelligence errors after the 9/11 tragedy,hindsight bias makes us more likely to:


A) be positively impressed by the overall decision-making process.
B) blame authorities for making what now seem like bad choices.
C) forgive authorities for making understandable mistakes in crises.
D) confirm our existing decision-making strategies.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Amy reads a research article and feels like it didn't tell her anything she didn't already know.Amy's experience illustrates the


A) hindsight bias.
B) foresight bias.
C) confirmation bias.
D) correspondence bias.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Describe the Hindsight Bias and explain how it could influence how much the typical student prepares for a social psychology exam.

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Answered by ExamLex AI

Answered by ExamLex AI

The Hindsight Bias, also known as the "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon," refers to the tendency for people to perceive events as having been more predictable after they have occurred. In other words, individuals tend to believe that they knew the outcome of a situation all along, even if they did not actually have that knowledge beforehand. In the context of preparing for a social psychology exam, the Hindsight Bias could influence how much the typical student prepares in several ways. First, students may overestimate their ability to predict the questions that will be on the exam, leading them to believe that they already know the material well enough without putting in extra study time. This could result in them being underprepared for the exam. Additionally, the Hindsight Bias may lead students to believe that they would have been able to predict the correct answers to exam questions after the fact, even if they did not actually know the material well enough to do so beforehand. This could lead to a false sense of confidence in their knowledge and preparation, potentially leading to poor performance on the exam. Overall, the Hindsight Bias could influence the typical student to underprepare for a social psychology exam by leading them to believe that they already know the material well enough and can predict the exam questions, when in reality, they may not be as prepared as they think. It is important for students to be aware of this bias and to take proactive steps to adequately prepare for exams, rather than relying on their perceived ability to predict the outcome.

The conclusion to be drawn from research on the hindsight bias is that our common sense is usually


A) wrong.
B) wrong after the fact.
C) right.
D) right after the fact.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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D

The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon can often lead students of social psychology


A) to over-prepare for an exam.
B) to study just the right amount for an exam.
C) to under-prepare for an exam.
D) None of these.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Another name for the "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon" is the


A) retrospective bias.
B) information bias.
C) prediction bias.
D) hindsight bias.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The hindsight bias contributes to the idea that


A) psychological experiments lack mundane realism.
B) social psychology is potentially dangerous.
C) the results of psychological experiments are mere common sense.
D) psychological experiments lack experimental realism.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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