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Under the parol evidence rule,which of the following items could be used to interpret,explain,or otherwise affect a complete and final written contract?


A) Evidence of a prior oral agreement.
B) Evidence of a subsequent oral agreement.
C) Evidence to explain an unclear term or phrase.
D) A and C only.
E) B and C only.

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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A written contract may be enforceable against one party but not the other party.

A) True
B) False

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John is president and sole shareholder of Photo,Inc.Photo,Inc.wishes to borrow money,but to do so,the bank requires John to orally guarantee to repay the loan if Photo,Inc.cannot.John's guaranty to repay is:


A) Enforceable,because in general,guaranty contracts do not need to be in writing.
B) Unenforceable,because in general,guaranty contracts need to be in writing.
C) Enforceable,because the main purpose of the loan and the guarantee was to benefit John.
D) Unenforceable,because John did not sign any agreement.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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For Statute of Frauds purposes,an "interest in land" includes only the land itself and any fixtures attached to the land.

A) True
B) False

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For Statute of Frauds purposes,an interest in land includes:


A) Fixtures.
B) Mortgages,leases,easements,and life estates.
C) Insurance contracts on interests in land.
D) A and B only.
E) A,B,and C.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Where there is a contradiction in the terms of a contract,specific terms will control over general terms.

A) True
B) False

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Assuming the existence of a complete and final written contract,the parol evidence rule would prohibit evidence of:


A) Prior or contemporaneous oral statements that alter,contradict,or add to the terms of the contract.
B) Prior or contemporaneous oral statements that explain ambiguities in the contract.
C) Subsequent oral statements that modify the contract.
D) A and C.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Seller and Buyer negotiate for the sale of 100 acres of land.They orally agree on a price of $100,000,one half in cash at closing and the other half 90 days after closing.Buyer sends Seller a letter in which all the terms are included and is signed by Buyer.Seller never responds.When the closing date arrives,Seller refuses to transfer title.Buyer sues.This contract is:


A) Enforceable,because Buyer had partly performed the contract by sending the letter to Seller.
B) Unenforceable,because there is no writing signed by Seller.
C) Enforceable,because Buyer sent a memorandum sufficient against himself,which binds Seller unless Seller objects,which he did not.
D) Unenforceable,because the parol evidence rule applies.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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What does the parol evidence rule do?


A) It sets the rules for the admissibility of evidence relating to releasing a criminal from a prison term.
B) It determines which contracts are required to be in writing.
C) It sets the general rules for the admissibility of evidence in criminal actions.
D) It limits the ability of parties to written contracts from introducing certain evidence related to the contract.
E) It determines the types of evidence that can be introduced in connection with oral contracts.

F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

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In order to satisfy the Statute of Frauds sufficiency of writing requirement,generally a writing must:


A) Be a formal,written document.
B) Be any written memorandum containing the essential terms of the parties' agreement.
C) Be signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought.
D) B and C.
E) A and B.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Under the Statute of Frauds:


A) The writing must be contained in a single document.
B) The writing must be signed by both parties.
C) Any required signatures must be the complete signature of the person.
D) Incorporation of other documents by reference is permitted.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Incorporation by reference in a contract means that:


A) At least one of the parties is a corporation.
B) The written contract has incorporated all aspects of the parties' agreement.
C) The written contract includes all or part of another document as part of the written contract's terms.
D) No terms other than those in the contract can be admitted as evidence in court.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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The part performance exception for contracts involving the sale of an interest in land provides that:


A) The parol evidence rule does not apply.
B) The contract will be enforced despite the fact that it is not in writing.
C) Where multiple parties share the performance obligations,the contract need not be in writing.
D) Once a contract has been partially performed,it must be put in writing if that has not already happened.
E) Contracts cannot be partly performed until they are put in writing.

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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The Statute of Frauds requires that the following types of contracts be in writing except:


A) Promises to make a will.
B) Promises to marry.
C) Contracts involving the sale of interests in land.
D) Contracts impossible to perform within a year.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The source of the Statute of Frauds today is a federal statute.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following constitutes a sufficient signature under the Statute of Frauds?


A) The complete signature of the party.
B) A signature affixed by an authorized agent.
C) A party's first name or nickname.
D) A and B only.
E) A,B,and C.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Buyer and Seller orally agree to a contract for the sale of 400 shirts at $10 per shirt.Seller fails to perform and Buyer sues.This contract is:


A) Enforceable,because the Statute of Frauds does not apply to sales of shirts.
B) Unenforceable,because the contract is not in writing.
C) Enforceable;no writing is required because the sale is not over the Statute of Frauds dollar limit.
D) Unenforceable,unless both parties are merchants.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Ed's Cars is selling a car called the "Whamo" for $499.00 to Jane.The contract between the parties does not have to be in writing.

A) True
B) False

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In a guaranty situation where the main purpose is not to benefit the guarantor,the guaranty contract must be in writing.

A) True
B) False

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The equal dignity rule only applies if a private sale by owner of real estate is taking place.

A) True
B) False

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