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Carbohydrates are components of the following:


A) the membrane of red blood cells.
B) nucleic acids.
C) the hormone erythropoietin.
D) the bacterial cell wall.
E) all of the above.

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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N-linked glycans are attached to proteins through N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl galactosamine to the amide side chain of:


A) glutamine.
B) histidine.
C) asparagine.
D) arginine.
E) lysine.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Synthesis of sugar polymers is enzyme catalyzed and requires activated monomers like ________ in lactose biosynthesis.

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Heparin is a highly sulphated glycosaminoglycan that act as an ________.

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The storage polysaccharides are ________ in plants and ________ in animals.

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O-linked glycans are attached to proteins through the hydroxyl group of serine or ________ and sometimes ________.

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Glycosaminoglycans are polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units in which one of the sugars is always N-acetylgalactosamine.

A) True
B) False

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D-ribose can form a ring structure with either four or five carbons in the ring.

A) True
B) False

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True

Pentoses and hexoses can form stable ring structures by internal hemiacetal formation.

A) True
B) False

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True

Glyceraldehyde has a chiral carbon so has two stereoisomers, which are called diastereomers.

A) True
B) False

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Amylose and amylopectin are the principle storage polysaccharides of:


A) bacteria.
B) plants.
C) animals.
D) mollusks.
E) insects.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Proteins are marked for secretion from the cell by the post translational addition of oligosaccharides.

A) True
B) False

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True

Maltose has a (1→4) α linkage between glucose and ________.

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Which of the following is considered to be the smallest carbohydrate?


A) Glucose
B) Dihydroxyacetone
C) Ribose
D) Xylose
E) Formaldehyde

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?


A) Galactose
B) Lactose
C) Amylose
D) Maltose
E) None of the above

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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