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Exam 33: Protostome Animals

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Question 21

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The major evolutionary split of protostome animals was based on _____.

A) nature of the body cavity
B) presence or degree of segmentation
C) number of germ layers present in embryonic development
D) method of feeding
E) way that the organism grows

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Question 22

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Figure 33.2 Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s) . Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae,tubes that lead from openings (called spiracles) in the animal's exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the animal's tissues.Some arthropods can control whether their spiracles are opened or closed;opening the spiracles allows the carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the tracheae and be released outside the animal.Klok et al.measured the carbon dioxide emitted over time (represented by VCO₂) by several species of centipedes.Figure 33.2 presents graphs of their results for two species,Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi.(C.J.Klok,R.D.Mercer,and S.L.Chown.2002.Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods.Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1019-29. ) -Look at the graph for Scutigerina weberi (note the scale of the y-axis) in Figure 33.2.What is the best interpretation of these results?

A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time.
B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time.
C) The centipede had its spiracles open when CO₂ emission peaked and closed when CO₂ emission was low.
D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when CO₂ emission peaked and open when CO₂ emission was low.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Question 23

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Figure 33.2 Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s) . Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae,tubes that lead from openings (called spiracles) in the animal's exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the animal's tissues.Some arthropods can control whether their spiracles are opened or closed;opening the spiracles allows the carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the tracheae and be released outside the animal.Klok et al.measured the carbon dioxide emitted over time (represented by VCO₂) by several species of centipedes.Figure 33.2 presents graphs of their results for two species,Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi.(C.J.Klok,R.D.Mercer,and S.L.Chown.2002.Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods.Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1019-29. ) -Compare the graphs in Figure 33.2 of CO₂ emission for Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi.What hypothesis can you make about each centipede's habitat?

Among protostomes,which morphological trait has shown the most variation?

What do all the Lophotrochozoa phyla discussed in the text have in common?

What is not true of all arthropods?

When considering the wormlike phyla within the protostomes,which feature is most useful in distinguishing groups?

Which of the following organisms would you expect to have the largest surface-area-to-volume ratio?

You find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a millipede.You take the animal to a university where a myriapodologist quickly tells you that you've found a centipede.Which of the following may have allowed her to make this distinction?

In adult arthropods,the hemocoel performs which of the following functions?

Which of the following do Nematoda and Arthropoda have in common?

Upon close inspection of movement in annelids and nematodes,you would notice an obvious difference.Nematodes tend to wriggle back and forth,while annelids tend to contract along their length as their girth swells and then thin out as they stretch.What anatomical feature explains this type of movement?

Figure 33.1 -Refer to Figure 33.1.Suppose new molecular analyses indicated that the phylum Annelida had diverged from the arthropod lineage after Onychophora and Tardigrada.What would this imply about protostome evolution?

Which mollusk group can be described as having several calcium carbonate plates along their dorsal side?

Which one of these groups does not molt?

In your laboratory,you examine a vial of freshwater from a local pond.You notice several unfamiliar small (less than one millimeter in length) animals and decide to study them.You observe that the animals have a coelom,eat microscopic food particles,reproduce by parthenogenesis,and offspring do not undergo any larval stages.What else would you expect to observe about this organism?

If you wanted to identify an unfamiliar protostome with a limbless,wormlike body,which characteristic would not be helpful in differentiating one species from another?

You find a wormlike animal while scuba diving and want to determine whether it is a nudibranch,a polychaete,or a turbellarian.Which of the following would allow you to definitively classify the organism into one of those categories?