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Geoffrey enjoys spending time with his one-year-old son. Compared to his wife, Geoffrey's interaction with their son is likely to be:


A) more actively playful.
B) less noisy and boisterous.
C) more involved with basic care. less active and energetic.

D) A) and C)
E) None of the above

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Parents in North America are more likely to encourage their children to feel humility and shame than parents in Asia.

A) True
B) False

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Rex is 3 months old. According to psychoanalyst Margaret Mahler, he views himself as:


A) a part of his mother.
B) a small, helpless being.
C) separate and distinct from his mother.
D) a member of a family.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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How do smiles, tears, anger, and fear change from birth to age 2?

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The social smile, evoked by seeing a hum...

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In the research performed by Tronick & Weinberg, mothers were instructed to interact with their infants by copying their babies' facial expressions, and then on cue to show no emotional reaction at all. This procedure is called the:


A) facial mimicking technique.
B) emotional expression technique.
C) still-face technique.
D) social response technique.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Rodney was raised on a farm in Utah and enjoys the taste of beef liver cooked with onions. Sarah was raised in New York City and would never think of eating beef liver, but she very much enjoys sushi. What explains their differences in food preference?


A) differences in attachment styles
B) biological differences in their taste buds
C) behavioral reinforcement
D) social referencing

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which characteristics must be present before an infant can experience pride, shame, or guilt?


A) social awareness
B) social skills
C) stranger anxiety
D) embarrassment

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which hormone is associated with encouraging caregiving behaviors?


A) cortisol
B) androgens
C) glucose
D) oxytocin

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The emotion of anger usually appears at the age of:


A) 6 weeks.
B) 2 months.
C) 4 months.
D) 6 months.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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When a baby discovers that her world is a fairly predictable place in which her needs are met by a responsive caregiver, _____ would say she has resolved the crisis of trust versus mistrust.

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